Leading a team through a period of change Essay

Leading a team through a period of change - Essay Example Leadership, essentially a synthesis of arts, reflects individual experience, understanding, values and capabilities, interacting with situations where, realistically, there is rarely an 'ideal' solution. Success as a leader, so often results from the unique originality of individual responses, rather than by following established precepts, without sufficient thought to context and circumstances. This does not mean that today's leaders cannot learn from their predecessors or, for that matter, blithely ignore what is currently reckoned to be 'best practice' (Adair. 2002). Clearly, the distilled wisdom and experience of generations of leaders - successful and otherwise - and the lessons to be drawn from those presently operating in conditions akin to our own, are invaluable sources of learning for anyone in a leadership role, in the dramatically changing and many-sided world of business. Effective leadership must include the intellect, temperament, core values, energy and courage of the individual leader. More recently, the conveniently distorted, or logic of political correctness has also sought to exclude 'nature', by concentrating inappropriately upon 'nurture', as the predominant, if not sole, determinant of leader effectiveness (Belbin, 2004). Traditionally, future trends and events have been projected as extrapolations of past events and data. Based on the premise that the future is the product of the past, planners have developed such forecasting techniques as trend extrapolation and econometric modeling. Elegant as these methods are, their performance in the last several decades has been far from satisfactory (Bridges, 1995). The primary role of the leader, within the organization's executive structure, his or her degree of formal, positional authority, as well as the nature and dynamics of the management hierarchy itself, are all major potential influences in creating the boundaries that must be coped with. The speedy, essentially 'organic' nature of the burgeoning inter-departmental relationships, quickly lead to a series of major restructures, and the emergence of a typical flatter organization, where the informal processes become not only legitimized, but are actively stimulated and encouraged as the previous forma l boundaries progressively disappeared (Chemers, 1997). Before the adoption of a certain leadership strategy or style, the company's executive or manager should analyze and evaluate the nature of change and transition stages (Chase, and Podlesni 2006). Changes are defined as allowing the emerging of a new state of being. The transition strategy is embedded in perspectives on change such as strategic choice, developmental stages, and organizational life cycle. It is also based on the traditional approach to planned change. From these perspectives, organizations eventually proceed through distinct stages, and the task of managers is to effectively manage the transition from one stable state to another. Transition seems to start where transformation ends (Chemers, 1997). The main purpose of transformation is to help organizations to accept the need for change and to generate a new vision, the main purpose of transition is to turn these into reality. Although transition may be seen as

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Business Ethics - Essay Example This is geared toward embracing the responsibility of the firm to other issues which could affect the society (Mallin, 2009:16). For example, some firms are engaged in activities which highlight the need for an environment that is free from pollution. The society will take this as an initiative that is created by the corporate to make the world a better place for humanity. There are a number of key elements that are used as approaches to corporate social responsibility. Firms have the right to select a number of these approaches to arrive at a habitable world. These are strategies that are used to attract potential clients that will engage the firm in other businesses. However, some firms that are financially endowed take part in all the approaches of social responsibility. This heightens their supremacy in the market as many people notice their commitment to social welfare (Kotler and Lee, 2011:9). The first approach to social responsibility is the accommodative approach. This appro ach focuses on a number of activities that tend to accommodate everyone in the society. These are collective activities that are geared toward supporting the whole society. Such activities involve shareholders, the community and other neighbouring and relevant entities. Many organisations come up with long-term ventures that are geared towards supporting the community and other entities that are connected to the firm. In this strategy, the firm has to go to huge lengths in ensuring the society and other entities accrue the advantages of such ventures. As earlier mentioned, some firms are geared towards reducing the amount of pollution in the world. As such they have to part with their resources to sponsor all the activities that reduce pollution of a certain kind (Bacher, 2007:13). A succinct example is when the firm pays some of the activities that are indulged in reducing pollution. Some of the activities need some amounts of cash and will need financial assistance. Some firms tak e the responsibility of running such activities at their expense (Mallin, 2009:12). Though they may spend substantial cash, their interests are well fulfilled in the long run. Similarly, when the firms engage in these activities, it is positivity to the stakeholders. Some stakeholders are liable for some of these activities and taking it as their social responsibility lessens their work. For example, some firms pollute the environment and have to make sure they clean such a mess. In taking social responsibility in such activities, the firm fulfils its responsibility by cleaning the environment. The second approach to social responsibility is where managers have to engage in social activities, which is geared towards promotion of other people’s interest. Managers have their ostensible tasks and they should stick to these tasks. However, at some point, the managers tend to accept commitment to social responsibility and perform these tasks. Some of these tasks are demanding and will require a proactive manager. The manager in charge has to ensure all the activities are fully executed and with their corporation. For example, some managers take part in charity activities. Since they are the flag bearers, they have to show their presence in such activities (Kotler and Lee, 2011:17). This creates a scenario where managers have attracted a larger audience to participate in these activities. When the managers are present, it is almost certain that the

Developing country Essay Example for Free

Developing country Essay Why we want to let our knowledge to someone else unknown to us. Why we want to make our nation into a question mark. Work for our nation work for us let our future generation be a developed nation. We are ranking in a forest place both in economy and in developing. So brain is our so why we want to drain to others. So get into it to work for our nation. Jai hind. Rate this: +3 -2 The concept of ‘brain drain’ is of a recent one that has ever strongly emerged since the last few decades. The phrase ‘brain drain’ refers to the increasing tendency of the young, energetic, capable and talented youth of a country to migrate to another country in search of their fortune — rather better fortune. They forsake their motherland for they seek better opportunities in other countries. This has become a characteristic more of the intelligentsia of the nation—the doctors, engineers, scientists, M.B.A’s, C.As, lawyers and other professionals. Investment in education in a developing country may not lead to faster economic growth if a large number of its highly educated people leave the country. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) estimates that India loses $2 billion a year because of the emigration of computer experts to the U.S.[45] Indian students going abroad for their higher studies costs India a foreign exchange outflow of $10 billion annually. Our country is gradually being deprived of its intellectual capacity. Brain drain is also regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the fraction of value of their training sponsored by the government. Our nation, if this continues, will be rendered intellectually impoverished and impotent. This, in turn, is leading to a great loss of National wealth. But, have we ever thought of the reasons behind such a great movement of brain outside the country? Like always, we prefer to harp upon the problems rather than find a solution. Why does India, a great and domineering nation in Asia, have to face such a grave and serious problem? Why is our youth allured by the stranger meadows and horizons? Why do they prefer to work hard and be honest there, instead of here?The first answer to this problem is that we have.. no plans to return to India. The reasons aren’t hard to fathom: a handsomely paying job in a great professional environment. But, Bandyopadhya, isn’t alone who has decided to stay back in the US. In fact, he is just one among 94.8 percent of Indians who study abroad to earn doctorates in science, engineering, and health and don’t return home according to a research study released in October 2012 by Wan-Ying Chang and Lynn M. Milan of the National Science Foundation. The study, if anything, is latest evidence that ‘brain drain’ isn’t stemming, something over which our policymakers must ponder on the occasion of ‘National Science Day’. In 2010, India with an estimated stock of 11.4 million emigrants was only second to Mexico (11.9 million) as a source of immigrants, according to a research paper, ‘Indian Human Resources Mobility: Brain drain versus Brain gain’ published in 2012. India and the Philippines supply most foreign-trained doctors and nurses to the English-speaking countries within The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Citing lack of growth opportunities in the country, Dr. Sudeshna Mitra, assistant professor at IIT Kharagpur points, â€Å"It is true that a lot of improvement has been made at the infrastructure level over the past ten years but if we compare it with the developed countries of the world, it is still not up to the mark, hence it will be really difficult on our part to stop ambitious people leaving the country.† Brain-drain works both within and outside the country. Dr. Arvind Agrawal, professor at Department of Sociology, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, says, â€Å"There are two kinds of brain drain going on in the country. The first is the internal and the second is the external. As far as the internal brain drain is concerned, it is mostly confined to the states. A state like Rajasthan which has to its credit a list of many good schools but lacks good English medium colleges, hence students after completing their school education move out to big cities and ultimately get settled there.† Both internal and external brain-drain point to lack of opportunities. â€Å"External brain drain is defined as one when students move out of the country for higher education and settle there permanently,† further explains Dr. Agrawal.As per the Thomson Reuters Report 2012, India’s share in global research output is about 3.5 per cent. India’s largest global share of publications was in the field of Chemistry (6.5 percent) followed by Materials Science (6.4 percent), Agricultural Sciences (6.2 percent), Pharmacology Toxicology (6.1 percent) while the relative share in the field of Physics and Engineering was 4.6 percent and 4.2 percent respectively. One of the most affected sectors is genetic engineering and biotechnology which copes with shortages of junior staff, as approximately 90 percent of post-graduates in this field go to the US after completion of their studies in India. The quality of a nation’s higher education vests in the research and development, which in India’s case also is an area of concern and a major factor for brain drain. Concurring with the above, S. R. Ahlawat, professor at Department of Sociology, M.D University, says, â€Å"We have not been able to provide the right kind of research environment in which the students can really contribute to enhance their knowledge.† India with 68,000 students in 2009 accounted for the largest number of foreign students in the area of Science and Engineering in United States, followed by China with 54 000 students according to the ‘Indian Human Resources Mobility: Brain drain versus Brain gain’ research paper. â€Å"Developed countries provide good environment and easy accessibility to quality of life which provokes people to get settled there permanently,† warns Ahlawat at M.D University. Indian Universities have by and large failed to figure in the list of top 200 educational institutions of the world according to the QS World University Rankings for 2012. The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) rankings — the most reputed global rankings of institutes for higher education had featured IIT-Bombay in 2010 which was ranked 187, but dropped to 227 in 2012. Highlighting the solutions to overcome the scenario, Dr. Agrawal at Central University of Himachal Pradesh, says, â€Å"Most of the state universities are run on political interference which acts as a hindrance in the growth of these institutions, hence it is a high time that there should be a semblance of order and growth and the prime focus should be to promote basic and fundamental research to save the quality.†

Analysis of Mobile IP Networks

Analysis of Mobile IP Networks That allows users with mobile devices whose IP address is associated with one network to stay connected when moving to a network with a different IP address. When a user leaves the network with which his device is associated home network and enters the domain of a foreign network. The foreign network uses the MIP protocol to inform the home network of care of address to which all packets for the user’s device should be sent. Mobile IP is most often found in wireless WAN environment where users need to carry their mobile devices across multiple LANs with different IP adders. A common analogy to explain mobile IP when someone moves his residence from one location to another person moves from Boston to newyork. Person drops off new mailing address to newyork post office, newyork post office notifies Boston post office of new mailing address. When Boston post office receives mail for person it knows to forward mail to person’s newyork address. DHMIP approaches still requires the new location update and packet route processing in foreign agents belonging to the hierarchy increasing the mobility signaling and packet delivery delay. Though the foreign agents hierarchy increases the network resources used for packet delivery and location update signaling for an ongoing communication. The path reestablishment is performed only between home agents and foreign agents. However the bandwidth used by a mobile terminal for packet delivery is high because several connections are used for packet’s transfer to the mobile terminal. It is clear that the total bandwidth used for signaling and packet delivery. The forwarding through multiple foreign agents will cause some service delivery delay, which may not be appropriate when there is delay restraint for some internet application such as video or voice services. In order to avoid excessive packet transmission delay. We set a threshold on the level number of the hierarchy in the DHMP scheme. When the threshold is reached the mesh host will register to its home agent. MHMIP reduces the frequency of the location update to home agent. This update is performed every inter gateway foreign agents mobility rather than every inter foreign agents mobility limiting the location update processing only at the gateway foreign agents. Hence this approach allows reducing the mobility signaling delay compared to the HMIP DHMIP approaches specifically for high mobility mobile terminals. However it is network resources consuming approach due to multicast protocol use. MHMIP mobility approach compares very favorable with the previously considered mobility approaches. More specially our analysis gives in almost all cases a lower mean handoff delay per call. The multicast has been proposed to be used for mobility support and specifically in wireless networks with small radio calls and high mobility of mobile terminals. They can be classified in to multicast based mobility in connection oriented and connectionless networks. Connection oriented where a multicast connection tree is reestablished. This tree is a collection of radio base stations and ATM network switches connected to the tree’s root. The signaling delay is limited to the activation and deactivation of pre-establishment branch in the tree. Connectionless multicast to mobile IP to reduce the handoff delay. The home agent encapsulates the intercepted packets in to multicast packets and sends them to the targeted mobile terminal over multiple foreign agents. The performs of multicast mobility approaches has been evaluated through simulation or through analytic models. A set of performance metrics such as handoff delay, packet loss and bandwidth overhead due to handoff have been identified and evaluated for multicast mobility approaches. Sentence change: DHMIP approaches still require the location that is new and packet route processing in foreign agents belonging to the hierarchy increasing the mobility signaling and packet delivery delay. Though the foreign agents hierarchy increases the network resources used for packet delivery and location update signaling for an communication that is ongoing. The path reestablishment is performed only between home agents and agents that are foreign. However the bandwidth used by a mobile terminal for packet delivery is high because several connections are used for packet’s transfer to the |terminal that is mobile. It is clear that the bandwidth that is total for signaling and packet delivery. The forwarding through multiple foreign agents will cause some service delivery delay, which may not be appropriate when there is delay restraint for some application that is internet as video or voice services. In order to avoid packet transmission delay that is excessive. We set a threshold on the known level number of the hierarchy in the DHMP scheme. When the threshold is reached the mesh host shall register to its home agent. MHMIP reduces the frequency of the location update to home agent. This update is performed every inter gateway foreign agents mobility rather than every inter foreign agents mobility limiting the location update processing only at the gateway agents that are foreign. Hence this approach allows reducing the mobility delay that is signaling to the HMIP DHMIP approaches specifically for high mobility mobile terminals. However it is network resources approach that is consuming to multicast protocol use. MHMIP mobility approach compares very favorable with the previously considered mobility approaches. More specially our analysis gives in almost all full cases a lower mean handoff delay per call. The multicast has been proposed to be used for mobility support and specifically in wireless networks with small radio calls and mobility that is high of terminals. They can be classified in to multicast based mobility in connection oriented and networks that are connectionless. Connection oriented where a connection that is multicast is reestablished. This tree is a collection of radio base stations and ATM network switches connected to the tree’s root. The delay that is signaling limited to the activation and deactivation of pre-establishment branch in the tree. Connectionless multicast to IP that is mobile reduces the handoff delay. The home agent encapsulates the intercepted packets in to multicast packets and sends them to the targeted terminal that is mobile multiple foreign agents. The performs of multicast mobility approaches has been evaluated through simulation or through analytic models. A set of performance metrics such as handoff delay, packet bandwidth and loss overhead due to handoff have been identified and evaluated for multicast mobility approaches. Synonyms change: That enables users with cellular devices whose internet protocol address is related with one system to remain connected whenever transferring to a system with a various IP address. When a user renders the communicate with which his system is connected home network and comes into the domain of a foreign network. The foreign network utilizes the MIP protocol to update the home network of care of address to that all packages for the particular user’s device should be sent. Mobile IP is most frequently located in cellular WAN environment where people require to carry their cellular devices throughout multiple LANs with various IP adders. A typical analogy to describe mobile IP when someone moves his residency from one venue to another. Person goes from Boston to newyork. Person declines away new sending address to newyork company, Newyork Company informs Boston Company of new sending address. When Boston company receives email} for the user it knows to forwards email to person’s newyork address. DHMIP strategies still needs the latest venue upgrade and package route operating in foreign agents that belongs to the hierarchy improving the portability signaling as well as package delivery delay. Although the foreign agents structure increases the system sources used for packet supply and area update signaling for the particular continuous communication. The path reestablishment is carried out only between home agents and foreign agents. Although the data transfer usage used by a mobile terminal for packet sending is high because a number of varied connections are generally utilized for packet’s transfer to that mobile terminal. It is apparent that the actual total bandwidth used for signaling and package delivery. The forwarding by using multiple foreign agents will lead to a number of services delivery delay, which may not be recommended when there is delay control for some online application such as video or voice services. In order to avoid extreme packet transmission delay. We specify a threshold on that levels quantity of the hierarchy in the DHMP scheme. When the threshold is achieved the mesh host will subscribe to its home agent. The multicast has been recently suggested that become utilized for mobility service and especially in cellular communities with small broadcast contacts as well as excellent mobility of portable terminals. They can be characterized in to multicast based mobility in connection oriented and connectionless systems. Connection oriented where a multicast connections tree is reestablished. This tree is a collecting to broadcast base channels and ATM community turns connected to the tree’s root. The signaling hold off is restricted to the stimulation and deactivation of pre-establishment division in the tree. Connectionless multicast to cellular IP to minimize the handoff delay. The home agent encapsulates the intercepted packages in to multicast packets as well as sends them to the specific mobile terminal through multiple foreign agents. The performs concerning multicast mobility approaches has been analyzed with representation or through analytical models. A set of performance measurements such as handoff delay, package loss and bandwidth expense due to handoff have been recognized and assessed for multicast mobility strategies. MHMIP minimizes the consistency of the venue upgrade to home agent. This upgrade is conducted every inter gateway foreign agents mobility instead as compared to each inter foreign agents mobility restricting the venue upgrade processing exclusively at the gateway foreign agents. Therefore this strategy enables minimizing the mobility signaling delay when compared to the HMIP DHMIP strategies especially for the extreme mobility cellular terminals. Although it is system sources consuming strategy because of to multicast protocol use. MHMIP mobility technique analyzes very advantageous with the formerly considered mobility techniques. More especially our assessment provides in virtually all cases a lower mean handoff delay per call.

Of Mice and Men :: English Literature

Of Mice and Men The novel is about the American Dream, where America is meant to be a land built on promise and opportunity. It promises independence, land and a decent living through honest work. It also means, in theory, that anyone can become successful. The American Stock Market on Wall Street crashed catastrophically in 1929, this led to a massive economic depression in the 1930s.Poverty and starvation stalked California and other stricken states. The migrants were worst off. All of the suffering was much worse if you were black; America was still a highly racist and segregated society. The bunkhouse conditions were not very basic "what the hell kind of bed you giving us anyways. We don't want no pants rabbits." The ranch was obviously not nice. The boss is a bit aggressive and doesn't like George speaking for Lennie "then why don't you let him answer ?"He thinks George is getting something from lennie because migrant workers don't normally travel together''you takin' his pay away form him?" Curley the boss' son is a mean character , he dislikes Lennie from the beginning "well nex' time you answer when you are spoken to." Curley dislikes Lennie because he's not big himself. George's version of the American Dream is to own his own land "if I was bright , if I was even a little bit smart , I'd have my own place." George always knew the dream would fail " I think I knowed we'd never do her." George was possibly only possibly using the American Dream as an escape.The fact that he was fond of the American Dream is evident in the personification he refers to the American Dream as 'her'. Lennie's version of the American Dream is to have his own place ,dog, rabbits and chickens "we're gonna have a dog an' rabbits an chickens.'' Lennie and George have the same dream but approach it in a different way. Candy overhears George and Lennie's plans for a place of their own and decides to become a part of that dream " maybe if I give you guys my money ,you'll let me hoe in the garden even after I ain't no good at." This is probably the happiest and most optimistic bit of the whole book. You start to believe their dream is possible. You know it's a great idea and forget it's a dream , it seems to be changing into a practical plan. Crooks reminisces about his child hood when he could play with white kids " the white kids come to our place , an' sometimes I went to play with them and some of them was pretty nice.

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy :: My Philosophy of Education

Statement of Educational Goals and Philosophy As I go through lists of careers, I search for the one I will make my profession. As a freshman in college, I enrolled in Marshall University with the goal of being a neonatal registered nurse. I felt like working in the labor and delivery section of a hospital would be an amazing experience. At some point, I realized that I wanted to have a family and children someday. I want to have a life with them, but that would be difficult because as a neonatal nurse, I would be required to work through holidays, weekends, and nights. I sat down with a pencil and some paper and began to write. I wrote different professions and what they had to offer. Something kept pulling me back to the education field. At that time, life seemed difficult, so I moved back home with my parents and enrolled in Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College. There I started taking classes in education and spending much of my time working with the Wyoming County Head Start Program, wher e I participated in field trips, activities, and often helped teach lessons. I loved the children. I have found that there is no greater feeling than the love of a child. Over the past year and a half, I have begun working with children in many different ways. I have begun to teach children about God at my church. One parent told me that it is the greatest compliment in the world for a parent to trust you enough to let you teach their child, and an even greater compliment if they trust you enough to let you teach their child about God. At that point everything made sense. My path in life was decided, and my goals were set. I realized I wanted to teach young children. My goals for the education profession are very simple to define. My largest priority right now is to attain my Bachelors degree in Elementary Education. After my degree, I want to teach in the West Virginia Public School System. As a teacher, my largest goal is to be a good teacher. I want to treat each child equally.

Leadership Is the Secret Ingredient of Success

Leadership is the driving force of any sphere of human endeavor and that driving force is driving towards success or in other words goal achievement. The area of leadership has been an area of interest for human kind for centuries and it can be traced back to Hipocrates ‘ 400 BC writing on personality types based on body humour and Plato's establishment of the first leadership training centers in 386 BC[uk essays. com].It has been studied for a purpose and the purpose is obvious because without a proper leader a group of people can’t continue. The maestros of old understood this and established schools to train good leaders. It is known that The great Alexander has been a student of Aristotal so the source of his great leading ability is significant he lead his army to countless victories and he was a great leader of men the secret behind his success was his well educated leadership.Today the good leaders are needed more than ever because the organizations are facing tro ubles more than ever before tough competition ,the complicated consumer demands are only few of the problems the organizations are facing today . A good leader is like a caption of a ship who steers the ship safely through thunderstorms as well as the still sea.A leader is self motivated and he should be able to motivate others through frustration and challenges like a batsman in a cricket match who bats a not out innings , playing through the pressure while continuing a steady run rate and telling the batsman in the other end to hang on because it is not an individual performance and eventually becoming the man of the match in fact a leader is the man of an organization who drives the organization forward towards the success so a leader’s success is not only his but of the entire organization’s . In simplest terms the leader should be a good team player.Leadership is what bind the entire organization together to the level one can say he is the organization. The leader ship should be spread throughout the organization from the top to the bottom so his decisions are obeyed and effectiveness is improved. A charismatic leader is like a mentor who inspires people and makes people to dream big, aim higher in their careers to do their best, be their best. Employees tend to impress a charismatic leader so they work hard and work more not because they must but because they want to[Klett,ezinearticles. com] .A leader guides people, a leader should be able to turn skills and efforts in to results, he should be the one employees turn to when they face a problem, the person they can depend on in any situation so leader should be a respectable and loved figure in an organization . The leader represents the organization so they tend to love the organization as well and they tend to regard the work they do as their own and the productivity is gained. [Fleming ,About. com guide] A good leader should be a role model for others to follow he should not direct but gu ide the way.A good leader can inspire others around him through his hard work, dedication and passion and he ought to make an example out of himself for others to follow so no authority is required by influencing he can convince others to do their job effectively and efficiently. He should practice what he tells others to do and be responsible for his decisions or actions in that way he can earn his place among his subordinates, the acceptance based on others’s trust is the real source of authority. The leadership should be a source of confidence, enthusiasm, and knowledge.He should be a person who uses times of uncertainty and stress to practice and hone his skills and turn the tide to his or organization’s advantage, he should be a one who seeks challenges and not a one who runs away from them . In the times of crises he should be a source of confidence where others can look up to and he should be calm and composed in the face of danger and steadfast to the main purp ose[Melchoir,articleklick. com]. He should not lose focus and the analytical thinking in the difficult times so he can analyze the problem thoroughly and seek solutions.It is obvious that the good leadership is essential for an organization’s success . Although there are many other factors regarding the success of an organization I think that the leadership is the binding or the blending force of all other factors. if we take an organization as a body leadership would be the backbone of it so if the backbone is broken the body can’t move, it would be paralyzed so I conclude that the leadership is the secret ingredient to success that any sphere of human endeavor can’t do without.